![]() ![]() It is variously considered either the first picaresque novel or at least the antecedent of the genre. While elements of Chaucer and Boccaccio have a picaresque feel and may have contributed to the style, the modern picaresque begins with Lazarillo de Tormes, which was published anonymously in 1554 in Burgos, Medina del Campo, and Alcalá de Henares in Spain, and also in Antwerp, which at the time was under Spanish rule as a major city in the Spanish Netherlands. History Lazarillo de Tormes and its sources The only work clearly called "picaresque" by its contemporaries was Mateo Alemán's Guzmán de Alfarache (1599), which to them was the Libro del pícaro ( The Book of the Pícaro). ![]() There is unresolved debate within Hispanic studies about what the term means, or meant, and which works were, or should be, so called. Whether it has any validity at all as a generic label in the Spanish sixteenth and seventeenth centuries-Cervantes certainly used "picaresque" with a different meaning than it has today-has been called into question. The expression picaresque novel was coined in 1810. The word pícaro does not appear in Lazarillo de Tormes (1554), the novella credited by modern scholars with founding the genre. The word pícaro first starts to appear in Spain with the current meaning in 1545, though at the time it had no association with literature. The term is also sometimes used to describe works which only contain some of the genre's elements, such as Cervantes' Don Quixote, or Charles Dickens' Pickwick Papers. an episodic recounting of adventures on the road. In the English-speaking world, the term "picaresque" is often used loosely to refer to novels that contain some elements of this genre e.g. Carefree or immoral rascality positions the picaresque hero as a sympathetic outsider, untouched by the false rules of society.
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